Diccionario


Mostrando 153 palabras para el campo semantico: artefacts

abung kaalup

I. N

1. artef.,cooking,dom. matches , [ESP] fósforos
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kruubu siksiknga ning kruubu tuk suma usru ikuuka imalngi ikwisatkulu yaap parnga pluuma.
    This tiger has a long tail. When he catch a chicken, he kill it and eat it up. His body is black and white.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Matches have to be bought and kept dry. New fires are generally started with matches and diesel or kerosene. A few carry disposable lighters. If you have no matches and diesel or kerosene, you might ask someone to borrow a "piece of fire," i.e., a piece of burning wood or coal. Some still cook traditionally with three big logs on the floor whose ends are shoved together and kindling put in the middle, and then a new fire is lit. Once lit, if you have a good type of wood such as siin or kaliiba, you can pull the logs apart after you are done cooking, and they will still be hot enough to "catch fire" the next day. Hardened rubber sap is an instant fire starter......as long as you have a match (but you don't need diesel.)


    Los fósforos deben comprarse y mantenerse secos. El fuego se enciende, generalmente, con fósforos y diesel o kerosene. Algunos tienen encendedores. Si no tenés ni fósforos ni diesel o kerosene, podés pedir prestado un “pedazo de fuego”, i.e., un pedazo de leña o carbón encendido. Algunos aún cocinan de manera tradicional, con tres troncos en el suelo cuyas extremidades juntan y colocan delicadamente en medio, así encienden el fuego. Una vez encendido, si tenés un buen tipo de leña como el siin o kaliiba, podés separar los troncos una vez terminás de cocinar y continuarán suficientemente calientes como para “prender fuego” al día siguiente. La savia de hule endurecida es un encendedor de fuego instantáneo…mientras tengás fósforos (no necesitás tener diesel).

adam aing ngaang pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,palm,plant

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a palm in the bush whose leaves are said to have been used by Adam as a bed.

    Esta es una palma en los arbustos, de la cual se dice sus hojas fueron usadas como cama por Adam.

albinup

I. N

1. artef.,cooking chocolate stirring stick , [ESP] Molinillo

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Could be like a Mexican type chocolate stick with round end.
  • Gramatical:
    With suffix'-up' for roundish objects.

amkas pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant tree fork

2. artef. blade

3. artef.,food fork

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The meaning of eating fork is probably new. They usually eat with a spoon.
  • Gramatical:
    For the meaning 'fork', see 'kat amkas' (fork in a tree).

ariira

I. N

1. artef.,fishing line

2. artef. string

3. artef.,dory rope

4. clothes thread

ariira taik

I. N

1. artef. piece of string

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ariira taik
string end

aunga

I. N

2. artef. mirror , [ESP] Espejo

3. artef. photo , [ESP] Foto

II. V

3. percep. shine , [ESP] Brillar

5. look pretty

7. look

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive or with an adjectival complement. This verb is generally used for shining, pretty, positive looking. As a noun it can mean 'mirror' or 'photo', that are shining/pretty objects. See also 'aakwaals aunga' (look pretty) and 'aunga kuu' (take photo).

awas pronunciación

I. N

2. nat. light , [ESP] Luz

3. plant rubber , [ESP] Caucho, latex

Pictures/Imagenes:

3. artef.,hunting,plant slingshot

4. plant,tree pine tree , [ESP] Pino

5. health rubber sap

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Generally used to mean "light" from any source. Rubber tree sap also called "awas" because you can use it to "catch fire" when you don't have diesel or kerosene, or to burn for light. This is done by cutting the rubber tree and letting the sap harden into solid rubber, which then immediately catches fire from a lit match. There are also a number of other uses. For example, you can "haul" a piece of hardened rubber into a string to wind around the part of your handline above the hook as you would a wire leader in order to make it harder for a fish to cut the line. Can also be used for the light to torch in the night in the bush, though as of 2008, more people were acquiring headlamps for this purpose. Also used to make the rubber part of a slingshot. To do this you carve a mold into the dirt, pour in the sap, and let it harden. Slingshots are made and used principally by young boys for shooting down small birds and lizards. (The small birds are usually not used for anything, though occasionally boys will roast them and eat them, but more just for something to do. Shooting birds is a common activity for young boys among all ethnic groups, especially during the months when songbirds are migrating heavily, such as September.)
    The rubber sap can also be used to make a waterproof rubber sack that floats: For a good-sized sack, secure about 2 1/2 yds of thin cotton cloth horizontally on sticks, mix the rubber sap with some sulfur. Paint it over the cloth with a feather and allow to dry. Fold the edges and seal with more rubber sap. If you tie the sack securely, your pots, pans, clothes, etc. will be safe if your dory turns over. You can also use it as a life preserver. One medicinal use is to paint the "blowhole" of a beefworm with the sap. when the worm tries to come out for air, it will get stuck, and won't be able to breathe. (However, either way, someone will still have to dig the worm out.)
    Some old Ramas still have tools left which they use that were left from the days of the rubber company. There are a few pine trees in Bluefields, but they are not seen in the bush in the Rama territory.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Mikito "auas." Probably because pine also can be used to make torches (Take a piece of pine about three feet long, split it very fine, and light it.....the sap causes it to burn.)

baatle

I. N

1. artef.,food bottle , [ESP] Botella

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (bottle).

baglag

I. N

1. artef.
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    An improvised "bridge" made to cross over a body of water such as a creek. Often a fallen tree or log.
  • Léxica:
    Possible borrowing.
    "Balsa" in Spanish.

baul

I. N

1. artef.,food,house bowl , [ESP] Tazón, tiesto
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    En la fotografía Alicia McCrea muestra el tazón de madera (baul) que utilizan en Indian River para rayar coco. El tazon se talla a mano, es una sola pieza de madera de cedro macho (carapa guianensis).
  • Etnográfica:
    A large open bowl to use for example for grating coconut to make coconut milk. Originally wooden bowls. Also used to describe the "baul" made from the base of a frond of a type of rawa palm.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (bowl).
  • Léxica:
    See "tuula uuk."

biip uuk

I. N

1. animal,body cowhide

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
biip uuk
cow skin
Vaca piel

bokit

I. N

1. artef.,house bucket

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (bucket).

ibung pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,hunting gun

2. animal,fish,food a river fish, probably a sturgeon , [ESP] Gaspar

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used old 22 and took only a couple of bullets because they were too expensive; so had to be good shots.
    Cane Creek men thought nothing of hunting without guns, but most Rama Cay men would say they could not hunt unless they had a gun and dog.
    You can find the fish in Corn River. It looks like (favors) a crocodile in the mouth and the skin is thick like an armadillo. Some eat it, but it is rank (has a strong fish smell). The meat is white like shrimp.
  • Gramatical:
    'gun' can also be said 'siikubing' but 'ibung' is more frequent.
  • Léxica:
    "gaspar" in Spanish.

iibu aing maukala

I. N

1. artef. iibu seed net

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
iibu aing maukala
iibu tree of net bag

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Any net, natural or otherwise, used to carry the iibu seed home in. These days, plastic woven sacks purchased in Bluefields are often used.

kaat pronunciación

I. N

1. body leg

2. body foot

3. body penis

4. artef.,body handle

5. plant stick

6. artef.,house post

7. plant log

8. plant tree

Pictures/Imagenes:

9. artef. staff

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Originally word for tree and leg, and parts of object 'long and rigid'. Boards are valuable. They are sometimes scavenged from the beach, occasionally hand-sawed, but more often bought. Some of the old people, especially down in the bush, like to put up lumber, nails, a sheet, a good shirt and pants or dress, for when they die. These will usually be up in the house rafters, or perhaps in another smaller house in the bush. It's a problem to keep other people from taking them, though, especially the boards and nails.
  • Gramatical:
    Often pronounced with short vowel. See short form 'kat' as class marker for long and rigid objects.

kaat uuknga

I. N

1. artef.,clothes shoes

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kaat uuknga
foot container

kabiis aing maukala

I. N

1. artef.,sea,shellfish shrimps net

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kabiis aing maukala
of net bag

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They just started fishing with nets in the seventies. A relatively new economic activity. Before there were so many shrimps that you just had to lean your dory over to fill it with shrimps and paddle back home. They were so plentiful that you would not sell it.

kain

I. V

1. artef. carve

2. artef. trim

3. break cut

4. food peel

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Used in the sense 'to make' for dory or artefacts cut in wood.

kakaa uuknga

I. N

1. artef.,food cup

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kakaa uuknga
mouth container

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used to drink and eat from calabashes (gourds); this is most likely a neologism.

kalma

I. N

1. clothes cloth

2. artef.,clothes clothes

kalma ariira

I. N

1. artef.,clothes clothes line

kalma tupki

I. N

1. artef.,clothes under clothes

kalpang

I. N

1. artef.,dom.,house stool

kangkangup

I. N

1. artef.,house fire fan

Composicion:

Compounds

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the feathered wing of a curassow, used as a fire fan.
    An older belief was that as part of the snake bite treatment this fire fan was hung over the bed of the victim. If it swang the person would recover, and if it remained still the person was doomed.
  • Gramatical:
    The word ends with the classifying suffix '-up' for roundish objects.

kariiri pronunciación

I. N

1. plant wild cane
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. artef. large arrow shaft

3. artef.,hunting arrow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The cane and the arrow have the same name. The arrow is made of cane, this one used to kill large animals generally.
  • Gramatical:
    Used as the generic name for arrows. Has a variant form 'kriiri'.

karsiik

I. N

1. artef.,fishing,hunting arrow point

2. artef. iron arrow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Usually were made of shark teeth.
    If it was an iron arrow point it has been filed out of a manufactured piece of metal such as a nail.
  • Gramatical:
    From 'kariiri' (arrow) and 'siik' (tooth).

kartuk pronunciación

I. N

1. plant wild cane

2. artef.,hunting cane arrow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The arrow before it is done (with no end point), the finished arrow is 'kriiri'.

kartuk kaniik siikwa

I. N

1. artef.,hunting shark tooth arrow
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kartuk kanik siikwa u kruubu anmalngi.
    They kill tiger with the arrow with the shark teeth.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kartuk kaniik siik wa
cane arrow shark tooth with

kat uruk skwa pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant main beam

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kat urukskwa
stick from above

katuukup pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant log

2. hollowed log

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With class mark '-up' for roundish object

kiiba

I. N

1. artef.,dom. cover
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nalmliki naing kiiba ki.
    I wrap myself in my cover.

2. artef.,dom. sheet

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kiiba ngaang su aakring.
    Spread the sheet over the bed!

kiingkat ariira

I. N

1. artef. necklace

2. body jugular vein

kiingup

I. N

1. artef.,dory handle of paddle

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish objects.

kiing uuknga

I. N

1. artef.,clothes cap

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kiing uuknga
head container

kiskis pronunciación

I. N

1. dom.,palm,plant,tree kiskis tree
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. artef.,cooking tongs

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Krais sulkup kiskis kuaakar.
    The crab has pinchers.
    El cangrejo tiene tenazas.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    We use the kiskis tree to make tongs. This is a necessity for cooking, used for stirring the pot, lifting up pieces of food, e.g., bananas, cassava, fish, meat, while cooking or serving. You will burn your hand if you don't have a a kiskis to to pick up and turn your banana or fish while roasting it, for example. If you don't have one, you will have to go cut one before you can cook. (For people who live in the bush, there is probably no one convenient to borrow one from.) Most people have several, different lengths and widths for different uses. Said to be two varieties, the "real" one, i.e., the thin one, and the mountain cow one, ngarbing aing kiskis.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

krus pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,plant coal

kukaakika

I. N

1. artef.,clothes earrings

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kukaa ki ka
ear from

kukwaup

I. N

1. body ear

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kukwa up
ear round shape

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'ear' can also be said 'kukaa' or 'kukwa'. Note the '-up' class marker for round shape. The meaning 'handle' is only used for 'paddle handle'.

kuleera

I. N

1. artef.,body handle

kungsungup

I. N

1. artef.,body comb

Composicion:

derivation

1. animal,body crest

Composicion:

derivation

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Also used for the rooster comb. Note the final class marker '-up' for round things.
  • Léxica:
    Also kungsung uup

kung uup

I. N

1. artef.,dom.,plant,tree potwood seed
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The seed of the kungkat (tree). It resembles the iron bouys previously found on the beaches or in the sea in size and shape. People cut off the top of the buoys to make cooking pots which are still in use and highly valued because they are very sturdy. People similarly cut off the tops of the seed, but use the "pot" only to store salt, as you cannot use it to cook.
  • Léxica:
    Also kungkat uup.

kunkun

I. N

1. artef.,fishing bob

2. artef.,fishing spool

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Fishing bob made out of kunkun tree root. Also used to make spool for the harpoon line.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplicated form.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu

kuuk aing sabang pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,food,plant calabash for chocolate

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Might have been an important item of the turmala (seer) that drank special peppered chocolate.

kwaalup

I. N

1. artef.,dory paddle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Paddles are fashioned by men out of pieces of wood, lumber using machetes. "Samwood" a common wood to use. The top is a T-bar shape to grasp, then a longisih slender neck becoming an elongated flatter bottom. It's best to have your own paddle made for your own preferences of size, weight, etc.
  • Gramatical:
    Class marker '-up' for roundish objects.

kwaalup pung

I. N

1. artef.,body,dory middle of the paddle

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kwaalup pung
paddle waist

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The part that you hold.

kwiik ariira

I. N

1. artef.,clothes bracelet

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kwiik ariira
arm string

kwiikupkika

I. N

1. artef.,clothes ring

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kwiikup ki ka
finger from

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Constructed with postpositions 'ki+ka', like 'kukaakika' (earrings).

kwiik uuknga

I. N

1. artef.,clothes gloves

kwiisa pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,body,plant needle

kwsing

I. N

1. artef.,break axe
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kwsing kat yuanpaukkama.
    The axe is for them to fall trees.
  • Uut nsupangi kwsing u nsuaapaik traatkama.
    We dig out the dory with an axe to go paddle around.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used for falling trees, or splitting wood.

kwsing kaat

I. N

1. artef. axe handle
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kungkung kaalkit nangtki kwsing kaat kama bii.
    we cut the quamfoot tree only for axe handle

laap kaat

I. N

1. artef.,cooking wabul stick , [KRI] wabul stick
Pictures/Imagenes:

1. [KRI] wabul stick

1. [KRI] wabul stick

1. [KRI] wabul stick

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Made out saapla tree.

luna

I. N

1. artef. tarp

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Spanish (lona)?

maata kaat

I. N

1. artef.,cooking pestle

maata uup

I. N

1. artef.,cooking mortar

2. artef. rice stick

maukala

I. N

1. artef.,fish net

2. artef. net bag

3. body uterus

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Nets and net bags used to be made with string/rope from whits. Today they are made of plastic line or even bought ready made.

mauli uuknga

I. N

1. artef. firefly basket
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Mauli uuknga mauli kinikaakama. Piungkit u niparki.
    The moony basket is to put moony in. I make it with wari wees.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
mauli uuknga
moony container

ngaabang

I. N

1. artef.,food,plant Unidentified tall aloe-looking plant
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Formerly used to make a strong thread for sewing, weaving hammocks, nets,, rope. A few still know how to make it. The individual long stems are braced against a tree, and the the long meaty "leaves" are scraped with a kiskis to peel out the "thread." Can be eaten, but it is sour.
  • Léxica:
    Also ngabang

ngaang

I. N

1. artef.,house bed
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tuula uuk nsuangtki. Ikaat ngaang yunsuparki. Yuuk nsuangtki baul isii nsuungi.
    We cut the rawa tree and we make beds with it. The bark we cut and we make it like a bowl.
  • aisting maing ngaang skwarka
    Get up from your bed!

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. artef.,house tapesco

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Minimal pair with 'ngaan' (sawdust).

ngaang kaat

I. N

1. artef.,house bed leg

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaang kaat
bed leg

ngaanguk

I. N

1. artef. money

ngaang uruk

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant tapesco

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaang uruk
bed top

ngaling kaat

I. N

1. artef.,cooking grinding stone foot
Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaling kaat
rock foot

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You have to dream it, and then it will come up through the ground for you to find it while you are walking in the bush. If you walk past it without picking it up and holding it, it will think you don't want it and will go back down into the ground. Sometimes you just find the bottom, sometimes just the top, ngalingkaat uup. If you are lucky, you find both parts.

    Debés soñarlo y entonces él saldra de la tierra para que vos lo encontrés mientras caminás por los arbustos. Si caminás cerca de él y no lo recogés ni lo sostenés, él pensará que no los querés y regresará a lo profundo de la tierra. Algunas veces sólo encontrás la parte de abajo, algunas veces sólo la parte de arriba, ngalingkaat uup. Si tenés suerte, encontrás las dos partes.
  • Léxica:
    Kriol, at least RCC, is "rubbin(g) rock."

    Kriol, al menos RCC, es "rubbin(g) rock."

ngalingkat

I. N

1. artef.,cooking rubbing rock

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaling kat
rock handle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Myth around it: is supposed to be dreamt of by the future owner before it comes up to the surface of the earth to be found.
    Used to grind coco beans, and ibo bunya.

ngalingkat uup

I. N

1. artef.,cooking,dom. handle for grinding stone

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Possibly a variety of 'thunder stone', which includes stone axe heads, and other round stone objects believe to fall from the thundering sky.
    Re thunderstones: old people used to boil one in water and drink that water as a cure for fluttering hearts.
    Used with grinding stone (rubbing rock) 'ngalingkat'.
  • Gramatical:
    Expression with two class markers: 'kat' for long objects and 'uup' for roundish ones.

ngalinguupup

I. N

1. artef.,geo rock handle

ngarbing aing kiskis

I. N

1. artef.,cooking,dom.,plant,tree palm, unidentified

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a stouter variety of the kiskis tree, the trunk of which is used to make tongs for holding food such as fish, meat or bananas while roasting or serving, or to pick up "pieces of fire," etc. The thinner tree (kiskis) is preferred for making the tongs.

ngiskat

I. N

1. artef.,body,hunting jaw
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some still hang a wari jawbone (or of other game) in a tree facing the direction where they hunted successfully to be able to find them there again. Horse jawbone used as one of the instruments in the Rama Cay band, probably learned from Kriols.
  • Gramatical:
    Contains the class marker 'kat' fro long and rigid object. The initial velar nasal can be reduced to 'n'.

ngungka uuruk

I. N

1. artef.,dom.,plant,tree skomfra
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the part of the skomfra tree which holds the "fruits." Is used as a strainer when making coconut milk, or for cane juice. Also hung over the fire and used as a net to dry and store chocolate or weerba seeds. Children sometimes use it as a cap in play.
  • Léxica:
    Also ngungka katruk, ngungka kat uuruk, ngunka kat uruuk; literally, "skomfra flowers."

nguu

I. N

1. artef.,house house
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kiiknadut katkup yusiiki sulaik karka anulaing nguu kama.
    The men bring the logs from the bush for their house.
  • Nguu aaplang tursin u.
    Sweep the house with the broom.

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. animal nest

3. imprint

nguu kat

I. N

1. artef.,house house post
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Manud kat mliima aingwa nguu kat kama.
    The manud tree is the best for house posts.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nguu kat
post

nuursking

I. N

1. artef.,hunting,plant,tree species of rawa-type palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A type of very tall and straight rawa palm used for making peg staffs for hunting turtles. You can take 8 out of a tall one. You can't make a "baul" (bowl) out of this one because no part of it is big enough.

pakanup

I. N

1. artef. basket prickle

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish shapes.

park

I. V

1. artef. weave

2. plait

3. body braid

4. build

5. artef. make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has derived intransitive 'alpark' (hold on, paste)

payla

I. N

1. artef.,cooking frypan

pila

I. N

1. artef.,house pillow

piungkit

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant wari whit
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Piungkit kat aap su aapuni. Nsut aamlaki usnaan yunsuparki. Nguu yunsuangaisi.
    the wari whit grows on a tree trunk. We pull it down. We make baskets with it. We tie the house with it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Dark color whit. Used to tie the roof leaves with it, to tie game (including heavy waris) to carry back home. Also used to make baskets. Not as strong as 'kaung' (congkiva o bejuco de mujer).

plaanak

I. N

1. artef.,break machete

plaanak kaat

I. N

1. artef.,body machete handle

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
plaanak kaat
machete handle

plaanak siik

I. N

1. artef.,body machete edge

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
plaanak siik
machete tooth

prang

I. N

1. artef. adze

prang kaat

I. N

1. artef.,body adze handle

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
prang kaat
adze handle

prup

I. N

1. artef.,dom. diesel/kerosene lamp

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A kerosene or diesel lamp made out of a small can with a snap in lid, like a powered milk can. You make a hole in the lid and make a wick with a piece of cloth. Diesel was the more common fuel used by Rama in locations such as Monkey Point or Cane Creek, i.e., those who traded with commercial shrimp and fish boats, etc. As distinguished from twitwi, made with a cloth wick in a bottle, and more usually using kerosene, as on Rama Cay: they did not regularly trade with fish boats (shrimp boats), and bought kerosene in Bluefields.
  • Léxica:
    "Prup" was also used by some Kriols in Monkey Point. Also given as "pruk."

pruuki

I. N

1. artef.,palm,plant,tree unidentified palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A small slender tree in the bush. You strip pieces of the bark lengthwise to use to use for any number of things that require a sturdy cord, for example, to tie up a hog or game, or to make a tump line so that you can carry a sack of breadkind on your back by putting the "strap" around your forehead.

puulik

I. N

1. artef.,dory,plant unidentified
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A tree which can grow to tremendous size, and which therefore has huge outcroppings at the bottom of the trunk ("gamba" in Kriol, "ikiit" in Rama) to anchor it. Has a lot of folklore connected with it. For example, each tree is said to have an "owner," and you have to talk to this owner before you do anything with the tree. The owner is thought by most to be some kind of "perri piypil," i.e., "fairy people." Can be used for dories, which will last about two years unless you cover the inside with fiberglass, which extends their use.

saapang

I. N

1. artef.,cooking grind stone

sabang

I. N

1. artef.,dom.,plant,tree gourd
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Sabang refers to the gourd tree, or to the round "fruit." After being picked and dried, it is cut and used for bowls for eating, drinking, or bailing the dory. As of 2008 not as prevalent in households due to increased use of plastic containers and metal and plastic bowls and plates. Some cut plastic gallons in half, using the bottom as a bowl, and the top as a large mug for "fresco." "Sabang" refers to the round gourd; "uulup" or "ulngup" is the long one. The Ramas do not generally carve designs in them or decorate them.
  • Léxica:
    More commonly "saabang" in the Cane Creek area.

salpka aing maukala

I. N

1. artef.,fish fish net

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
salpka aing maukala
fish of net bag
Pez

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Using nets to catch fish is not traditional. These are gill nets which are set in Bluefields Lagoon. The Rama further south don't net fish.

sangkis

I. N

1. artef.,cooking strainer

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Can strain through your coconut grater , or, for example, with cane juice, through a skomfra cap, a strainer-like piece you cut off of the skomfra palm.

sauk

I. N

1. artef.,fishing hook

sauk amkas

I. N

1. artef.,fishing hook blade

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sauk amkas
hook blade

sauk ariira

I. N

1. artef.,fishing fishing line

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sauk ariira
hook line

sauk kaat

I. N

1. artef.,fish fishing rod

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sauk kaat
hook stick

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The Rama don't usually fish with a pole or rod of any kind. They use hand lines most frequently, and can catch fairly large difficult fish with them. Men also use harpoons for really large fish such as snook or tarpon, and a few are still adept at bow and arrow or fish spear for use far up the creeks. In Bluefields Lagoon they now fish by setting gill nets to catch fish for personal consumption and to sell in Bluefields.

seel

I. N

1. artef.,dory sail

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (sail).

seel aing kat

I. N

1. artef.,dory mast

siik

I. N

1. bird,body bill

2. body,human tooth

Pictures/Imagenes:

4. point

4. artef. blade

5. edge

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Used for sharp objects such as the edge of the machete (see 'plaanak siik') or the edge of the knife (see 'siiru siik').

siikubing

I. N

1. artef. gun

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'ibung' is more frequent to say 'gun'.

siilak

I. N

1. iron

2. artef.,house nail

3. cooking grinding mill

4. house jail

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Nails, bucket handles, and other pieces of metal are used to file and create a number of sharp objects for hunting and fishing. Also, the old people, particularly those down in the bush, like to keep boards, nails, and perhaps a sheet put away for their coffin and burial.
  • Gramatical:
    Basically means the iron metal, but it can refers to objects made of it.

siilak taik

I. N

1. artef.,hunting arrow with piece of iron

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The point is filed from a nail or other piece of suitable metal.

sii ngurii

I. N

1. artef.,water well
Pictures/Imagenes:

siiru

I. N

1. artef.,cooking knife
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siiru aingwa twis taik su ankai. Ngulkang yuanmalngi.
    They put a real knife at the end of the lance. They kill wari with it.
  • Tuunuk yaatarki siiru u.
    he cuts the papaya with a knife.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They make a lot of their own knives out of old machetes. The handles are carved out of pieces of wood.

siiru kaat

I. N

1. artef.,body knife handle

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
siiru kaat
knife handle

siiru siik

I. N

1. artef.,body knife blade
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siiru siik kalba. Baltanang mkwik yangatikka.
    The knife edge is sharp. Mind you cut your hand.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
siiru siik
knife tooth

siit

I. N

1. artef.,house hammock

2. plant moho

siituk

I. N

1. artef. file

sii uuknga

I. N

1. artef.,food water dipper

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sii uuknga
water container

silak uup

I. N

1. artef. harpoon

2. artef.,fishing short harpoon for turtle

sinak

I. N

1. artef. arrow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Three or four pronged arrow used for killing fish (Loveland).
    Can be used with a bow or by hand in the water.

sinsin

I. N

1. artef.,hunting supa arrow

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication

sitseera

I. ?

1. artef.,dory bow

2. artef.,dory keel

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    If you are not good at shaping the keel with you adze, that will contribute to having a "cranky" dory, a dory that rocks side to side. Keels are different for sea-going dories and river-going dories.

skup

I. N

1. artef.,body necklace

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'necklace' can also be said 'kiingkat ariira' (literally 'neck string').

stiima

I. N

1. artef.,dory boat

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Loanword from English 'steamer'. Enters in the compound 'stiima kuyakba' (plane).

stiima kuyakba

I. N

1. air,artef. plane
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nuunik kas sawa parnga baingbing aingu, stiima kuyakba angka sisung, ngarang su yaataikaing.
    The clouds are pure black smoke so we can't see the plane when it passes.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
stiima kuyakba
boat high up

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Neologism.

suaila tuk

I. N

1. artef.,plant unidentified leaf

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The leaf is used for any number of purposes, e.g., to put over your shoulder so that a bunch of bananas you are carrying won't stain your clothes, for a pot cover, to carry honeycomb, iibo, coajada, etc.
  • Léxica:
    Only heard pronounced "shwaila." also shortened to just "tuk," (tail")

suleera

I. N

1. artef.,health walking stick

2. artef.,health cane

sulinup

I. N

1. artef. handle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The side handle of a jug for instance.
  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish shape.

sulupang

I. N

1. artef. silico torch

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See entry for suulup with torch description.

suulup

I. N

1. fishing,health,palm,plant,tree palm variety
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. artef. pipe bowl

3. artef. torch

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A bitter fruit that only the Rama used to eat. You cut the bunch of fruits and let it ripen for eight days before you eat it. You eat the seed when it is ripe: yellow outside, and red inside. It is called "Rama pills." It is bitter, but it is good for the blood. You can mix it with coconut trash (the grated coconut that is left after you sqeeze the milk out), or with roast ripe banana. You can also use the seed to make the bowl of a pipe. The siliku torch is to make light to see the snook so you can strike them with a harpoon in dry weather times in the lagoon and in Cane Creek. If you cut it in the rain times you have to put it in the house to dry. You cut off the leaf part, peel back the bark, beat the white part, split it fine, put about three of them in a bundle and tie them up and light the end. Each bundle is two yards long and lasts about an hour. As of 2008, however, there were not enough snook around to torch, and even if there were, more and more people have headlamps now. The leaves also used to make the walls around a house and a sleeping mat when you're in the bush and have nothing else.
  • Gramatical:
    With 'up' for round objects.
  • Léxica:
    Kind of palm tree.

suupa

I. N

1. artef.,food,plant peach palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Tree species with very strong wood used to make bows, staffs, sinnaks, and arrows. Also refers to the fruit, which is a nutritious staple traditionally in season around Sept.- Nov. There is a number of different varieties of this palm, some with spiny trunks, and some with smooth trunks. The clusters of fruit grow high up on the tree, and most varieties are red, orange, or yellow when ripe. Each suupa looks like a miniature coconut. The best ones are "cracky-cracky;" i.e., the outsie of the fruit is not overly smooth and shiny. You boil them in water with a little salt, peel them, and eat what corresponds to the husk of the coconut. The flesh should be dry like a potato, and not "waterish." Enjoyed as a meal accompanied by hot coffee. Is also made into bunya. (See "suupa kaas.") Highly desirable commercial item all over the coast and in Managua especially by Costenos. Will rot if not cooked and eaten within about four days from harvest. Problems with people stealing suupa from owners' trees, sometimes even cutting down the tree to get the bunches of fruit. Can also be dried and made into flour to use to make a porridge, though no one today does that. Some trees also bear in dry weather, around April. As of 2009, commentary that with the climate change, some trees are "mix-up, mix-up" regarding when they are bearing.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu 'supa'.

taat

I. N

1. artef.,house board
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    "Taat" refers to lumber in general, single boards, or a piece of board or anything else that might be used to make a cross-piece seat in a dory: Your taat might even be the lower piece of a coconut frond if nothing else is available. Conversely, your taat might be used for firewood in an emergency. Taats are generally not fastened to the dory as you need to move them around to accommodate passengers and loads as necessary, so you also need to have different sizes at different times. However, as 0f 2009 it was reported that some people on Rama Cay had started nailing in at least the "captain's" taat to deter theft.

tangaa

I. N

1. body back

1. space back

4. artef. keel

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Spatial meaning with 'i-tangaa su' (behind).

tangaangu

I. N

2. artef.,house bedspread
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tangaangu aakwaala ikwaakar yaing ngaang su.
    She has a pretty bedspread on her bed.

3. geo,space plantation

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sii su naing praanti tangaangu nikuaakari.
    I have my plantain plantation in the river.

tangkat

I. N

1. artef.,hunting bow , [ESP] arco
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With '-kat' class marker for objects long and rigid.

tangkat aing ariira

I. N

1. artef.,hunting bow string

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tangkat aing ariira
bow of string
arco

trumtrum

I. N

1. artef. guitar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication. Onomatopeic word.

turkulka

I. N

1. page

2. artef. book

3. letter

4. artef. paper

5. artef. dictionary

tursin

I. N

1. artef.,house broom
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. plant broom tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Brooms are made out of various leaves tied to a stick with a whit, or sometimes may even be a whole piece of a plant such as the fallen limb of a palm such as a coconut with the bottom part of the broom being what's left after the fruits or seeds have dropped off. The broom plant resembles corn.
  • Léxica:
    Also trusiin, turusiin.

tuu kaat

I. N

1. artef.,food pipe

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The stem of the pipe is made out of the bird pepper leaf stem ('alkiini') and the bowl is made of siliku seed ('suulup').

tuu kat

I. N

1. artef. pipe
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not commonly used anymore; formally used by women as well as men before cigarettes came in. Made from a siliku seed for the bowl and a bird pepper leaf stem for the pipe stem.

twiis

I. N

2. artef.,hunting lance

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A lance is made by tying a blade to a sturdy pole, and securing it with whatever is available now, usually some kind of cloth and twine or line. The blade is usually fashioned from an old machete. The twiis may be improvised for temporary use if necessary, for example, if you find out that a drove of wari is in the vicinity and don't have a gun, you might use your "kitchen machete" for the blade.

twitwi

I. N

1. artef.,dom. oil lamp

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A lamp made from a bottle containing kerosene and with a cloth stuffed in the neck as a wick. Diesel more often used as the fuel by Rama who trade with shrimp boats and lobster boats, e.g., in Monkey Point and Cane Creek. Also tongue in cheek called ulak lamp.
  • Léxica:
    See prup.

ulngup

I. N

1. artef.,food,water long hollowed out gourd

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A long hollowed out gourd used as a dipper or dory bailer, as contrasted with "sabang," which is round. The Ramas do not generally carve or decorate them.
  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish shape.
  • Léxica:
    See "uulup."

-up

I. CL

1. artef. round shape

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    A noun class marker for objects of roundish shape, from the full noun 'uup' (eye, seed).

upsi

I. N

1. animal,body fat

2. animal,cooking oil

3. animal,body,food grease

5. artef.,house kerosene

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The green turtle has yellow fat and green fat; some people like to eat one or the other. Oil extracted from different animals can have different medicinal uses. When they butcher and sell fried hog meat, a lot of people prefer more fat than actual meat.It is a sign of health to them if you are fat.
    They probably burned mananti oil for oil lamps, explaining the extension to kerosene.

usnaan

I. N

1. artef.,food basket
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Are made with different whits, often wari whit. made for storing items in the kitchen, usually, or for carrying items such as seeds, fruits, shellfish.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing ?
  • Léxica:
    Usually "ushnan."

uuknga

I. N

2. artef.,dom. container , [ESP] recipiente

2. artef.,cooking dish

3. artef.,clothes clothes , [ESP] ropa

4. artef. basket

5. artef. bag , [ESP] bolsa

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Base for a number of artefacts such as plate, dish, shoe, cap, basket, bucket; plus an animal body part (hoof). For the generic noun 'clothes', 'kalma' is generally used.

uulup

I. N

1. artef. palangka (?)

2. artef.,dom.,plant gourd dipper/bailer

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    "Uulup" refers to a long gourd, as contrasted with "sabang," which is round. As with the "sabang," these are dried, halved, and hollowed out to make utensils. The long ones usually serve a dippers or dory bailers.
    "Uulup" also refers to a long pole (palangka) which is used to move a dory or motorboat when it is too shallow to paddle or use the motor, or to maneuver where the "uulup" is more effective.

uulupup

I. N

1. artef.,cooking scooper

2. artef.,cooking dipper

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    On the contrary to 'uulup', this noun cannot mean 'pole for dory'.

uung

I. N

1. artef.,food pot , [ESP] olla, porra

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Traditionally made their own pot out of iron buoys picked off the beach (from shipwreck). Pots are very valuable household items. For instance if you have to pay a snake doctor (no longer Rama), he might ask for part of his payment in cookware.

uung king

I. N

1. artef.,body,space lid , [ESP] tapa

uung tangaa

I. N

1. artef.,body,space bottom of pot

uupkika

I. N

1. artef.,clothes eye glasses , [ESP] anteojos

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
uup ki ka
eye from
ojo

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Constructed with double postposition 'ki+ka' , like 'kwiikupkika' (ring) and 'kukaakika' (earring).

uuru

I. N

1. artef.,hunting wax arrow

2. wax , [ESP] cera

uut

I. N

1. artef.,dory dory , [ESP] cayuco
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Uut aingwa nipaukka uut yunikaini.
    when I fall a cedar tree, I cut a dory with it

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. plant,tree cedar , [ESP] cedro

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Dory-making is an important skill for men, but some are much better than others, and in general all make fun of the heavy, ugly, crooked dories Spaniards tend to make. They are made completely by hand, from felling the tree by handaxe to final planing. Seagoing dories have to be shaped differently than dories that will stay in the lagoon or go up river, and not everyone has the skill to make them differently. The preferred tree to use is mahogony, but that is virtually impossible to find now in a big enough size and straight. That can last up to 15 years if you tar it up with cresote so that the salt water worm doesn't destroy it. Samwood 10 yrs.Yamari and ceiba might last 3 -4 years. Sabba 3 years, and cedar 1 - 2 years. If you dream the tree, you will find it while you are walking in the bush. Sometimes you find a really good tree, but after you do all of the prep work and cut it down, you find there's a big hole in the middle, so it's only good for making paddles and other small wooden implements.
  • Gramatical:
    For the meaning 'cedar', see 'uut aingwa'.

uut aing taat

I. N

1. artef.,dory seat in dory
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Uut aing taat su yuknatingsu, naapaiki.
    I sit down on the dory board to paddle

uut aing uulup

I. N

1. artef.,dory pole for dory
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nsut kuyaanik taakka uut ki, nsut kalniksu, uut ngulaik karka ulup u nsut kauki.
    When we go up river in the dory, we stand up and we pole in from the bow.

uut aingwa

I. N

1. artef.,dory,plant cedar tree
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Uut aingwa nipaukka uut yunikaini.
    when I fall a cedar tree, I cut a dory with it

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    favored wood for dories, but scarce for several decades, and extremely uncommon as of 2008.

uut sukup

I. N

1. artef.,dory toy dory , [ESP] cayuco de juguete

waisku

I. N

1. artef.,fishing harpoon , [ESP] arpón

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Harpoon sometimes only refers only to the metal barbed "blade" which fits into the carved wooden staff. Used to hunt sea turtle, large fish such as snook and tarpon, manatee. The staff and barb are fashioned by Rama men for their own use; these days the line is plastic rope bought in Bluefields, and because money is needed to buy it, the line is often thought of as more valuable than the staff and barb, which they spend days making.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu

waisku amkas

I. N

1. artef.,fishing harpoon blade

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
waisku amkas
harpoon blade
arpón

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Usually fashioned from a big nail, bucket handle, any appropriate piece of metal, something picked up on the beach if possible.

waisku kaat

I. N

1. artef.,body,fishing harpoon staff

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
waisku kaat
harpoon handle
arpón

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Fashioned from a strong piece of wood such as suupa.

waisku tangsiira

I. N

1. artef.,fishing harpoon's gauge

Composicion:

expression